血液相关指标与系统性红斑狼疮活动性分析

目的探讨白细胞(white blood cell,WBC)、红细胞(red blood cell,RBC)、血小板(platelet,PLT)、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,HB)、淋巴细胞绝对值(absolute lymphocyte value,Lym#)、平均血小板体积(mean platelet volume,MPV)与系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)病情活动性关系。方法随机收集2017年12月至2018年11月我院风湿免疫科SLE病人样本37例,根据SLE活动指数(systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index,SLEDAI)分为活动组与非活动组,同时收集同期健康体检者22例作为对照组,检测样本的血常规相关指标Lym#、MPV、WBC、RBC、HB、PLT及血清补体3(serum complement 3,C3),红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR),比较各指标之间的相关性。结果 SLE活动组与对照组比较,Lym#、C3、MPV、PLT、RBC、HB均小于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组间WBC无差异(P>0.05)。SLE非活动组与对照组间比较,Lym#、RBC、HB差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),二组间WBC、PLT、C3、MPV无差异(P>0.05)。SLE活动组与非活动组比较,活动组MPV、Lym#、C3、WBC、PLT、HB均低于非活动组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),ESR高于非活动组(P<0.05),两组间RBC无统计学差异(P>0.05)。WBC、RBC、HB、PLT、Lym#、MPV与SLE活动性指标SLEDAI、ESR呈负相关,与C3呈正相关。结论 WBC、RBC、HB、 PLT、Lym#、MPV可作为系统性红斑狼疮活动性的观察指标。     

Health effects of airborne particulate matter trace elements

The effects of airborne particulate matter （PM） trace elements on health are widely concerned nowadays. Many achievements have been made while many unknowns exist. This article reports the recent research progresses, describes the effects of exposure to PM trace elements on health epidemiological evidence, toxicology findings, and raises some questions for future studies.     

Two-stage vertical flow multi-soil-layering (MSL) technology for efficient removal of coliforms and human pathogens from domestic wastewater in rural areas under arid climate

This paper investigates the removal efficiency of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, coliforms and pathogens from rural domestic wastewater in a two-stage vertical flow multi-soil-layering (MSL) system. The effects of wastewater quality, season and arid climate conditions on pollutants removal efficiency by the system were examined for one year. The experimental setup included two similar MSL systems composed of two layers: soil-mixture-layers (SML) and gravel permeable layers (PL) that are arranged in a brick like pattern. The applied hydraulic loading rate was 1000 L m^?2 day^?1. Results showed that most of the physicochemical contaminants elimination occurred while the wastewater percolated through the first MSL stage. The second stage demonstrated an improvement in the reduction of all pollutants, especially fecal bacteria indicators and pathogens. The mean overall removal rates performed by the two-stage MSL system were 97% for TSS, 96% for BOD₅, 91% for COD, 96% for TN and 95% for TP. For bacterial indicators, the combination of two-stage MSL system achieved high log removals between 2.21 and 3.15 log units. Contaminants reduction processes in MSL technology are more dependent on internal than external environmental factors. The effectiveness of the two-stage MSL system to treat domestic wastewater was strongly influenced by wastewater quality. Significant relationships between influent contaminants level and their removal efficiency were found. The efficiency of MSL technology to reduce contaminants is not sensitive to season and air temperature fluctuations. This is due to the capacity of MSL system materials to withstand the air temperature variation, which highlights one of the advantages of MSL’s technology. Wastewater quality is the most important factor affecting the removal of contaminants in the MSL, which could be a critical parameter to considered when designing MSL system. Two-stage MSL system achieved a high treated wastewater quality amenable for treated wastewater reuse in agriculture recommended by Moroccan code of practice. Therefore, the combination of two-stage vertical flow MSL system could be considered an efficient and promising domestic wastewater treatment solution in arid countries to promote environmental protection and wastewater reuse.     

C-reactive protein (CRP) and long-term air pollution with a focus on ultrafine particles

Background

Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution contributes to the global burden of disease by particularly affecting cardiovascular (CV) causes of death. We investigated the association between particle number concentration (PNC), a marker for ultrafine particles, and other air pollutants and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as a potential link between air pollution and CV disease.

Buccal micronucleus cytome assay in primary school children: A descriptive analysis of the MAPEC_LIFE multicenter cohort study

Background

Recent data support the hypothesis that genetic damage occurring early in life during childhood can play an important role in the development of chronic diseases in adulthood, including cancer.

浅谈仲景辛凉解表法

辛凉解表法虽首创于刘完素,完善于温病,但却溯源于仲景,仲景四方大青龙汤、越婢汤、麻杏石甘汤、白虎汤完整的体现了辛凉解表的思想。表热的根本在于卫气的阻滞,解表法最在意使卫气恢复流通,辛温、辛凉解表均不离辛者,以辛味发散或透达,邪气可随之出表,若单着眼于出汗者,已然失其本意。辛热开通气机,本不在发汗,汗液乃是随同郁热的开通一同从腠理而出,不同于西药单纯以发汗带出热量,而郁热并未解除。所以,纵使辛温解表,热如麻黄、桂枝也非为单纯发汗而设,乃取其辛散开通之意,汗液自蒸蒸而协同邪热一并而出。     

白虎汤类方研究

白虎汤及其加减方主要治疗某些传染病和寄生虫病,如流行性出血热、流行性乙型脑炎等病症;白虎加人参汤及其加减方主要治疗内分泌、营养和代谢疾病,如糖尿病;白虎加人参汤及其加减方主要治疗某些中医病证,如发热。竹叶石膏汤及其加减方主要治疗消化系统疾病、某些传染病和寄生虫疾病,如小儿口疮、伤寒、流行性出血热、复发性口疮等病症。通过白虎汤类方现代应用的研究可以看出类方研究是学习经方的系统方法之一,值得推广用于经方的教学、科研、临床之中。     

Characterisation of enamel white spot lesions using X-ray micro-tomography

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to characterise the mineral density (MD) of natural enamel white spot lesions (WSLs) using X-ray micro-tomography calibrated with different density hydroxyapatite phantoms. METHODS: Seven natural WSLs from four extracted non-carious premolar teeth were scanned at a voxel size of 7.6 microm using a desktop X-ray micro-tomography system. Five hydroxyapatite phantoms (sintered pellets of hydroxyapatite powder) with densities ranging from 1.52 to 3.14 g/cm(3) were used as calibration standards for each scan. Three-dimensional image reconstruction enabled MD gradients throughout the lesion to be quantified using an MD calibration equation derived from hydroxyapatite phantoms. Background noise generated during the measurement of MD was reduced using a Gaussian filter. RESULTS: Gaussian filter reduced the signal-to-noise ratio (standard deviation) significantly while the basic MD information (average value) remained intact. The mineral gradients through the WSLs examined were compared and are discussed in terms of existing literature. The MD of sound enamel, apparent intact surface layer of WSL, and lowest level of WSL was found to be 2.65-2.89 g/cm(3), 2.23-2.58 g/cm(3) and 1.48-2.03 g/cm(3), respectively. Our MD results are comparable with other studies. CONCLUSIONS: X-ray micro-tomography is a sensitive in vitro technique capable of characterising and quantifying MD of small non-cavitated WSLs. This method has a promising potential for future carious and quantitative remineralisation studies.     

The clinical application of surface pH measurements to longitudinally assess white spot enamel lesions

Objectives

Means of objectively assessing white spot enamel lesions (WSEL) are critical for determining their potential activity and monitoring the success of preventive treatments. The aim of this study was to determine whether surface pH measurements of WSEL changed during a preventive course of care designed to remineralize the lesions.

Methods

Eight healthy subjects (1 male and 7 females) with at least one WSEL were recruited (19–64 years). Each subject was placed on a preventive treatment program including the daily application of a CPP-ACP paste (MI paste, GC Corp., Japan) with custom fitted trays for more than 6 months. The surface pH values of sound enamel and WSEL were monitored for up to 2 years using a micro-pH sensor. The visual appearance of the WSEL was monitored via digital photography, and images were analyzed qualitatively on a 5-point scale to assess the success of the remineralization preventive program. The relationship between the qualitative assessment of WSEL appearance and the WSEL pH was investigated using a Spearman's rho non-parametric correlation.

Results

The surface pH of the WSEL was different to that of the sound enamel surrounding it in all patients at all times. All lesions showed visual improvement as the treatment period progressed. The pH of the WSEL increased towards that of sound enamel over the course of treatment significantly correlating with the visual improvement of the lesion (rho = 0.63, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

The clinical assessment of WSEL surface pH changes with time may have utility as an additional objective measure for the assessment of WSEL activity.